Cheating In Relationships Essay

Many people today have sought the cruel and unfair reasons for relationship problems and cheating. Philosophers of the past have analyzed various contributing factors such as flirting with others, not happy with one another anymore, too much time spent with the opposite sex, other is not sexually active with the other anymore, or one just doesn’t want to be in the relationship any longer but simply knows of no other way to get out. All of these are the causes of cheating in relationships. There is a quote that states â€Å"A relationship is not a test so why cheat?† This quotes says a lot. There are so many causes to cheating in relationships but why do it? Why should you let someone or something get in the way of your love life and your feelings for your loved one? If you truly love someone, other things or people won’t matter to you or catch your eye and make you develop feelings for them and lose your feelings for your partner. You should always think about the effects of cheating on your partner/spouse. The effects of cheating in a relationship can be very severe or could not mean anything at all to someone. Some effects of cheating cold result in suicide, violence, depression or maybe even death. To me, those effects are extremely severe and could be life-changing. I have heard many stories about a partner or spouse cheating on one another and it resulting in death of one or the other. Cheating is very harmful to people and should not be done in any way at all possible, not physically, emotionally or sexually. In the bible, cheating is defined as Adultery and it is illegal which I fully believe it should be illegal to this day. Now that you know the causes and the effects that cheating in relationships has on your partner, maybe you will think twice about doing it. Hopefully you won’t think about doing it all though. Just remember that there is a strong possibility that you could be putting someone’s life in danger because of the effect of cheating. Works Cited Williams, Lila Rankin. â€Å"â€Å"He cheated on me, I cheated on him back†: Mexican American and White adolescents’ perceptions of cheating in romantic relationships.† Phoenix, Arizona. Elsevier Ltd. 2011. Hickle, Kristine E. â€Å"â€Å"He cheated on me, I cheated on him back†: Mexican American and White adolescents’ perceptions of cheating in romantic relationships.† Phoenix, Arizona. Elsevier Ltd. 2011.

Food Wastage Essay

1. It is hard to produce food. a) Food takes time to grow and mature. Besides this, there are a lot of factors that contribute towards the production of food. i. Temperature and rainfall are critical elements determining when and how often crops can be sown. While some Asian countries are able to harvest three times in a single year, food production nearly halts during dry seasons in many tropical zones and during winter cold in temperate areas. (DeRose, Messer & Millman, 1998) b) It cost a lot to maintain a good production of food. i. Investments in agricultural intensification, including higher-yield-potential seeds, fertilizers, water management and chemicals for pest control, are costly and make it unlikely that they will be easily or widely available for use by poorer farmers and countries. (DeRose, Messer & Millman, 1998) c) We are starting to lack food production area to support civilizations. i. South Korea’s Daewoo Logistics announced last month that it has signed a 99-year lease on 3. 2 million acres of land in Madagascar, which it will use to produce corn and palm oil for shipment home. (Goering, 2008) ii. The rush to buy or enter long-term leases on land has been fueled in part by the low levels of world grain stocks, despite record harvests this year, and by a growing sense that world markets cannot be trusted to supply adequate grain. (Goering, 2008) 2. People are wasting a lot of food. d) In different occasions, people waste food. i. A significant proportion of food waste is produced by the domestic household, which, in 2007, created 6,700,000 tonnes of food waste. Potatoes, bread slices and apples are respectively the most wasted foods by quantity, while salads are thrown away in the greatest proportion. e) Food products from restaurants and shops are seldom kept when they are not sold after the day. Those foods were thrown away. i. Grocery stores discard products because of spoilage or minor cosmetic blemishes. Restaurants throw away what they don’t use. (Martin, 2008) ii. Supermarkets particularly have been criticized for wasting items which are damaged or unsold (surplus food), but that often remain edible. (Yorkshire & Lincolnshire,2005) f) According to statistic, people waste more food than they eat. i. Americans generate roughly 30 million tons of food waste each year, which is about 12 percent of the total waste stream. ( Trum, 1998) 3. Food wastage causes a lot of problems. g) It affects the environment by increasing waste, and pollutes the area. i. The rotting food that ends up in landfills produces methane, a major source of greenhouse gases. h) Wasting the food we have indirectly causes starvation to other people. It is because the amount of food we waste can actually feed upon many poor people. i. Each year, Americans discard more than 96 billion pounds of good food. If 5% was recovered, it could provide the equivalent of a day’s food for four million hungry people; 10%, eight million; and 25%, 20 million. (Trum, 1998) i) Wasting food also wasted our money. It costs us money to produce food and treat the food waste. i. 1 ton of rice requires a world average of 3419 m3 per ton of water. Imagine the amount of food we wasted. The amount of water wasted is even larger, and we are now low on clean potable water. Call to actions: 1. Registration of World Fund Program (WFP) to favor organizations in providing aids to people who are unable to produce enough food to support them. 2. Audiences should sign an indemnity letter on following the 5 steps towards reduce food waste: plan meal, make detail shopping list and stick to it, serve reasonable size portion food, save leftovers and eat those leftovers.

LENGUA Y LITERATURA/2

LENGUA Y LITERATURA/2 LENGUA Y LITERATURA/2 Trabajo practico: El cuento de ciencia ficcià ³n . La nocià ³n de intertextualidad . 1. Lean los recuadros de las paginas 92 y 98 del libro de texto, y respondan el siguiente cuestionario: ?Cà ³mo puede definirse el cuento de ciencia ficcià ³n ? Los cuentos de ciencia ficcià ³n son narraciones que expresan temores e ilusiones acerca del destino de la humanidad. Asà ¬, en este tipo de literatura, se crean sociedades futuras o mundos paralelos en los que suceden hechos que pueden explicarse desde la là ³gica racional de la ciencia. B ?Que preguntas sobre la ciencia produjo a la humanidad la Revolucià ³n Industrial ? Despues de la Rev. Industrial, comienza a pensarse que la ciencia tiene infinitas posibilidades de avance. Esto generà ³ esperanzas que tambien se reflejan en la literatura: ?Puede el ser humano ser mejor, vivir en un mundo mas justo, terminar con la guerra y el odio Pueden curarse todas las enfermedadesEs posible evitar la muerte? Pero tambien habà ¬an temores:   ?Tiene el ser humano derecho a manipular la vidaY si la tecnologà ¬a arruina las relaciones entre las personas?, etc. B De acuerdo al tipo de temas que aborda, ?que tipos de cuentos de ciencia ficcià ³n existen? La llamada ciencia ficcià ³n â€Å"dura†, que gira especialmente en torno a los avances, las formas y las consecuencias de la tecnologà ¬a y otra mas preocupada por las relaciones humanas y sociales. B Definan utopà ¬a ycontra utopà ¬a . Una utopà ¬a es una idea que parece imposible de realizar, inalcanzable, dentro de un mundo ideal que representa los deseos de perfeccià ³n de quien imagina ese mundo. Un mundo contra utà ³picoCONTRAUTÓPICO, sonES en los queAQUEL EN EL QUE los seres humanos, valiendose de los avances de la ciencia, destruyen las relaciones interpersonales, la naturaleza, la cultura y hasta el planeta, ya sea el propio o una colonizado. B 2. Lean el siguiente cuento: Barb a brillante De Fredric Brown Ella estaba asustada, terriblemente asustada, desde que su padre la concediera en matrimonio al extrano hombre de la barba de color encendido.  ¡Habà ¬a algo tan siniestro en el, en su gran fuerza, en sus ojos aguilenos, en el modo como la miraba†¦! Ademas corrà ¬a el rumor -sà ³lo un rumor, por supuesto- de que tuvo otras esposas y que nadie sabà ¬a lo que les habà ¬a ocurrido. Y tambien el extrano asunto del cuarto al que le prohibià ³ entrar, y ni siquiera sà ³lo asomarse al interior. Hasta hoy lo habà ¬a obedecido especialmente despues de intentar abrir la habitacià ³n y encontrarla cerrada con llave. Pero ahora esta de pie enfrente de la puerta, con la llave, o con lo que creà ¬a era la llave, en su mano. Era una llave que habà ¬a encontrado, apenas una hora antes, en el escritorio de su esposo; sin duda se deslizà ³ de uno de sus bolsillos, y parecà ¬a del tamano justo para el agujero de la cerradura de la puerta del cuarto proh ibido.

Adult Learner Interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adult Learner Interview - Assignment Example The firm deals with various orders placed by local, regional and global clients. Henry’s work is to handle the phone calls, queries and the complaints of the clients. Some clients even visit their office for making complaints. At those times, Henry finds it really difficult to tackle the client since the client talks about all the technical parts which are totally unknown to Henry. This is a small firm and therefore it doesn’t conduct any formal training program for the employees. Henry was only instructed to learn the basics about the software firm and its components from his co-workers. However at present Henry and some of his colleague who deals with the customer on a regular basis is facing trouble regarding the technical know-how. Considering the difficulties faced by these staff members of the firm, the manager of the customer care department arranged for a training session. When I approached Henry for knowing his learning experience he recalled the training sessi on faced by him. The interview went on as follows- Me-Why the training was necessary? Henry- The training helped me a lot to know about the various aspects of software and it was necessary because as a customer care executive for me it is of utmost importance to get a clear idea of the issues faced by the customer.

Motivation and Motivation Strategies-PSY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Motivation and Motivation Strategies-PSY - Essay Example Using Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs it is the case that I am not attending school to attain many lower level motivators (Food, shelter etc) but I am attending school for a spectrum of middle of higher needs. I do seek respect, and friendship from my peers but I also attend school to attain a higher level of education which could lead to a well paying career. Moreover I am also seeking enlightenment and wisdom through my studies. What motivates you generally? (Consider arousal, incentive, and self-determination theories) When utilizing a self determination theory I believe that I have a real desire to better myself through studies. There are a number of externalities in my life, however the experience that I get from studies is entirely self directed insofar as I enroll in classes that I believe are stimulating. In regards to incentive theory I believe that self directed rewards motivate me the best. In some regards I am not always motivated by money yet I enjoy physical activity because I know that it is healthy for me and will ultimately make me stronger. From an arousal perspective I believe that this theory holds particularly true for me because many activities are not solely directed for the reduction of tension (Such as exercising) yet I often seek a balance between physical activity and achieving goals.

Walmart internal analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Walmart internal analysis - Essay Example Different locations usually have different laws that govern labor issues. That implies that there are some regions that will employ lower wage rates as compared to other regions. That is beneficial to Wal-Mart because the profit margin of the company will increase. There are some regions that also have cheaper raw materials. That means that the cost of sales would reduce, and that will add on the profitability of the company. Wal-Mart Company also has a number of intangible assets that give a competitive advantage to the business. The company has a reputation that is associated with products that are of high quality. The good reputation will add on the goodwill of the company and that would be advantageous in the running of the company operations. Quality products will lead to the emergence of brand royals. Brand royals will always prefer the products that are sold by Wal-Mart and that usually adds on the profitability of the company. Wal-Mart has a management team that carries out its responsibilities in a manner that is useful in selling out the name of the company. The management team usually equips the company with the ability to coordinate activities that are decentralized in many locations. That ability creates organizational value. Value chain is used to describe a way in which the activities of a business can transform inputs into outputs. A customer usually gets the value from low costs, differentiated products, and the customers accessing their services within the speculated time period. Wal-Mart has the ability to meet the needs of the customers quickly and with convenience. The company has many stores in many locations and that has made it possible for customers to access the products sold by the company with ease. The accessibility of the company products by the customers of the company is strength and that can be used as a competitive advantage over the competitors to the company

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Literature - Essay Example Yu Hua has drawn inspiration for his novel from an American folk song about an elderly slave â€Å"who experienced a life’s worth of hardships, including the passing of his entire family—yet he still looked upon the world with eyes of kindness, offering not the slightest complaint†. (Hua, P.249) At the end of the novel, Xu Fugui is left alone, with his only companion being an ox that he names after himself. He uses the mutual identity between man and beast as a metaphor for the human condition. The novel begins and ends the story through the mechanism of a double narration: one a young student collecting songs and folk stories from the peasants in the countryside and the other, old Fugui and his ox telling their story to the student. Zhang Yimou, a noted Chinese film director, has gained notoriety among his own people due to his recurring acts of exposing a dark side of his country to the outside world. But he persists with his mission in the same manner through the film adaptation of To Live. He attempts to convey several profound messages through this movie, in an attempt to prod the viewers’ conscience to awareness of injustice in the Chinese society. Though in this context, the novel as well as its film adaptation serves the same purpose there are several charact eristics that distinguishes one from the other. The film and the novel are significantly different even though Yu Hua participated in writing the screenplay. Each medium offers different possibilities and at the same time suffers from different limitations too and these are reflected in the differences between the novel and the film. The novel has Fugui telling his story in installments, chronologically, with returns to the narrative present. This aspect is attributed to the novel’s being first published in serial form in a literary journal. The film has no second narrator to whom Fugui will

Discussion Forum Post Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Forum Post - Essay Example People of West civilization don’t depend on Church and as Tomas Jefferson wrote Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, this is how it should be (Jefferson, T). But I think these three will be unhappy to find out that developing reason we began to depend on our weaknesses, our bends instead. Voltaire, who was skeptic about idea all people should be equal could say, â€Å"Told you!† meaning for example, industry of art now depends on low educated mass needs. We spend fewer resources on science and medicine than on entertainment and wars. Indeed, both World Wars can be examples how scientific-technical progress can help to cause a great damage. Human nature appears to be more complicated mechanism than â€Å"tabula rasa† – pure blackboard with learned ideas written on it, as John Locke thought. Enlightenment is about spreading knowledge, so I think three of them will be fascinated about Internet where anyone can find information in Encyclopedias which enlighteners firstly invented. And that West civilization has a highest percent of educated population, so almost everyone can write and read, and all humans (never mind their physical differences) have the same rights and West civilization is really the one who stands for individualism. But still, to my mind, enlighteners will be disappointed that we’re missing a goal: Enlightenment is about becoming more ideal person using reason, not about using reason to stay as you

Marketing Communication (PG Tips) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Communication (PG Tips) - Essay Example In the year 2005, for example, tea's share of beverages grew by one percent, a positive sign for the tea market. The competition: Tea has strong competition not just from other beverages like coffee brands, flavoured water, juices, soft drink brands and hard drinks but also from the various varieties of tea. Today myriad kinds of herbal teas dot the market, and each brand promotes its uniqueness. The main competitors include Clipper Teas Ltd, Premier Foods, Tetley group, Drury Tea and Coffee company, Whittard of Chelsea and Associated British Foods Plc to name a few. In this cluttered market, where brand loyalty for a particular brand is strong, but customers constantly experiment with new and unusual flavours, it is thus vital for a brand like PG Tips to make its presence felt for the basic brand of black tea. Market and customer behaviour: With changing lifestyles, the usage of tea as a drink with the breakfast or a drink that people wake up to has also evolved. Many people prefer juice to the morning tea and many opt for diet coke over the evening tea. Besides this, types of tea purchased also vary with socio-economic status, marital status, working status, presence of children and household size. Research has revealed that the main customers to target for the traditional PG tips black tea bags are women over 35 years of age. Research has revealed that this segment of customers purchase tea for their family and enjoy it together in a typically British way. THE 5Ps FOR PG TIPS PRODUCT: The black tea of PG Tips in its original styled bag is the product in question. It has an existing customer base, which is not so large but steady. It has health benefits not yet advertised. And it has plenty of competition from a range of complementary and supplementary products. PRICE: PG Tips has decided not to be a price player and it must stick to the position. The prices must not be discounted, as today's customer automatically becomes wary of a product's quality if the price is slashed. However economy packs of the tea bag that last for the entire month can be promoted. PLACE: Prominent kiosks must be located at stores for stacking the tea. Special samples of the improved tea bag can be included with other Unilever products. Samples can also be included with complementary products like biscuit packets, crackers, chips and snacks. PACKAGING: As PG Tips is an existing brand with an old image, it is important to revive the packaging keeping the new communication and sales strategy in mind. However the new packaging must not be drastically different as it may make the existing loyal customer wary. The new packaging for the practical woman over 35 must not be overtly fancy but be practical to use and stock. It must show value for money she spends and PG Tips must keep this maturity factor in mind. It would also benefit to add a small paragraph detailing the health benefits of black tea. PROMOTION: Cross promotions at beauty parlours or women stores where women often visit may be a good idea. They could be offered tea and redemption coupons at these outlets. Tie ups could also be done with stores where women are offered purchase benefit coupons (like membership to a club, password to an online PG Tips tea club, prizes) on the tea. THE IDEA OF THE CAMPAIGN The campaign must mainly target women over 35 years old, as this is the segment that goes to

Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

Great Gatsby Essay Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald is one of the best American novels owing to its thematic strength. It reflects â€Å"The Jazz Age of 1920s and the writer artistically examine the theme of aspiration in America during this era. Fitzgerald wrote this novel as a satire on this so called glamorous period. This novel is about Gatsby, newly rich person, who is obsessed with desire of reuniting with a lady, Daisy, whom he loses in past just because of status difference. The main theme of this novel is while many desire the American Dream of easy, quick money and measuring success and happiness only with material wealth; eventually they realize this perfect dream is certainly unachievable. This dream leads Gatsby from Poverty to wealth and he finally gets Daisys love. But the end of the novel exposes the ugly side of this American Dream. There are many social themes in the story including Dream, vision, honesty, time, wealth, superficiality and shallowness, societal expectation, disloyalty, immorality and selfishness. The surface study shows that its about love relation between Gatsby and Daisy. But the story has much broader theme rather than big romantic scope. The most dominating theme of the story is that of American Dream or rather Perverted American Dream†. It is very symbolic story of Roaring Age of 1920s America, particularly the story of shattering of American Dream in that era of economic prosperity and material abundance. It exposes how the American people adulterated American Dream by indulging in immoral and unethical pursuits of wealth. The energy to be burnt in noble purpose gets started to be burnt in show off and individual pleasure, fame and success. All other themes of the novel strengthens this theme through out the story. The people become selfish, indulge themselves in vulgar means of wealth, disloyalty is at its peak and the most important of all; they forget the American dream was originally about discovery, individualism, and the pursuit of happiness. Theme of wealth supports the main theme in the strongest way. It is desire of possessing enormous wealth which blinds one from real objective. It is wealth which betrays the characters of the story from their noble goal and leads them to wrong way. That is how noble American dream is corrupted. Insight and vision of the characters are blurred due to obsession of wealth. The characters are too blind to know their own self or others’. The writer is successful in connecting this blindness of characters with main theme of Disintegration of American Dream. The story also describes the theme of Time†. The novel depicts both pre-war and post-war scenario in a way that we clearly come to know the differences which occur during that period. The mind of characters becomes so materialistic in the wake of World War1 that they are highly scorned by old aristocratic class who once had a high and unrivaled prestige. Its this change of time which results in shattering of Noble American Dream. Gatsby gets back her beloved, Daisy, winning her heart by showing off his wealth. A simpler, better, nobler time, perhaps, a time when people believed in the importance of the family and the church turns into materialistic time in which everything is measured through wealth. Theres no denying the fact that the fall of American dream is the super theme of the story and rest of the themes support it fully. The story shows how reality turns into illusion and how dream is shattered. It shows the impossibility of American dream in an era of immorality where there is no place for religion and ethics but for wealth, the prime interest. Reference: Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The great Gatsby Scribner Paperback Fiction. New York. 1995

Obesity and Addiction: Theories and Concepts

Obesity and Addiction: Theories and Concepts As a want-to-be conscious eater and as an individual susceptible to diabetes through a prevalent family history, I was intrigued by the article Why One Cream Cake Leads To Another published in The Scientist. It caught my eye to learn that maybe there was a scientific reason behind my cravings of Starkbucks’ Frappucinos and Insomnia’s S’mores Deluxe cookies; and maybe there is a valid and researched explanation as to why, when experience of consuming these particular treats, even when â€Å"full†, is it like a bitter sweet ending? Is this a minor case of a food craving? Is there some biochemical reason as to why one feels they must have much and must have it often? Can it be lack of discipline to keep these things a reoccurring part of my diet even when attempting to make my eating habits cleaner and more nutritious? Why One Cream Cake Leads To Another, begins to answer these questions. A chronic high-fat diet is thought to desensitize the brain to the feeling of satisfaction that one normally gets from a meal, causing a person to overeat in order to achieve the same high again. Newer research however, suggests that this desensitization actually begins in the gut itself, where production of a satiety factor, which normally tells the brain to stop eating, becomes dialed down by the repeated intake of high-fat food. High-fat foods produce an endorphin response in the brain when they hit the taste buds; the gut also sends signals directly to the brain to control our feeding behavior. Mice nourished via gastric feeding tubes, which bypass the mouth, exhibit a surge in dopamine—a neurotransmitter promoting reinforcement in the brain’s reward circuitry—similar to that experienced by those eating normally. This dopamine surge occurs in response to feeding in both mice and humans. But evidence suggests that dopamine signaling in the brain is deficient in obese people. Ivan de Araujo, a professor of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine, has now discovered that obese mice on a chronic high-fat diet also have a muted dopamine response when receiving fatty food via a direct tube to their stomachs. To determine the nature of the dopamine-regulating signal emanating from the gut, Araujo and his team searched for possible candidates. â€Å"When you look at animals chronically exposed to high-fat foods, you see high levels of almost every circulating factor—leptin, insulin, triglycerides, glucose, et cetera,† he said. But one class of signaling molecule is suppressed. Of these, Araujo’s primary candidate was oleoylethanolamide(OEA), food-intake modulators . Not only is the factor produced by intestinal cells in response to food, he said, but during chronic high-fat exposure, â€Å"the suppression levels seemed to somehow match the suppression that we saw in dopamine release.† It is not clear why a chronic high-fat diet suppresses the production of oleoylethanolamide. But once the vicious cycle starts, it is hard to break because the brain is receiving its information subconsciously, said Daniele Piomelli, a professor at the University of California, Irvine, and director of drug discovery and development at the Italian Institute of Technology in Genoa. â€Å"We eat what we like, and we think we are conscious of what we like, but I think what others are indicating is that there is a deeper, darker side to liking—a side that we’re not aware of,† Piomelli said. â€Å"Because it is an innate drive, you cannot control it.† Put another way, even if you could trick your taste buds into enjoying low-fat yogurt, you’re unlikely to trick your gut. So if eating has much to do with biochemical and people dealing with obesity have a lack thereof, at what point is one addicted to food? Tuomisto, T; Hetherington, Mm; Morris, Mf; Tuomisto, Mt; Turjanmaa, V; Lappalainen, R. (1999) study was to examine similar affective, physiological, and behavioral variables in chocolate addicts and control subjects. Method: Sixteen addicts and 15 control subjects took part in two laboratory experiments in which their heart rate, salivation, and self-reported responses were measured. Results: In the presence of external chocolate cues, chocolate addicts were more aroused, reported greater cravings, experienced more negative affect, and also ate more chocolate than control subjects. Self-report measures on eating attitudes and behavior, body image, and depression confirmed that a relationship exists between chocolate addiction and problem eating. Chocolate addicts showed more aberrant eating behaviors and attitudes than controls, and were also signif icantly more depressed. Discussion: Chocolate addicts may be considered to be a parallel with addicts generally, because they differ from controls in craving for chocolate, eating behavior, and psychopathology (in respect of eating and affect). According to Corwin and Grigson (2009), food addiction is a pervasive, yet controversial, topic that has gained recent attention in both lay media and the scientific literature. The goal of this series of articles is to use a combination of preclinical and clinical data to determine whether foods, like drugs of abuse, can be addictive, the conditions under which the addiction develops, and the underlying neurophysiological substrates. Operational definitions of addiction that have been used in the treatment of human disorders and to guide research in both humans and animals are presented, and an overview of the symposium articles is provided. We propose that specific foods, especially those that are rich in fat and/or sugar, are capable of promoting â€Å"addiction†-like behavior and neuronal change under certain conditions. That is, these foods, although highly palatable, are not addictive per se but become so following a restriction/binge pattern of consumption. Such consumm atory patterns have been associated with increased risk for comorbid conditions such as obesity, early weight gain, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse as well as with relapse and treatment challenges. The topic of food addiction bears study, therefore, to develop fresh approaches to clinical intervention and to advance our understanding of basic mechanisms involved in loss of control. Ifland JR1, Preuss HG, Marcus MT, Rourke KM, Taylor WC, Burau K, Jacobs WS, Kadish W, Manso G. (2009), study found the following: Overeating in industrial societies is a significant problem, linked to an increasing incidence of overweight and obesity, and the resultant adverse health consequences. We advance the hypothesis that a possible explanation for overeating is that processed foods with high concentrations of sugar and other refined sweeteners, refined carbohydrates, fat, salt, and caffeine are addictive substances. Therefore, many people lose control over their ability to regulate their consumption of such foods. The loss of control over these foods could account for the global epidemic of obesity and other metabolic disorders. We assert that overeating can be described as an addiction to refined foods that conforms to the DSM-IV criteria for substance use disorders. To examine the hypothesis, we relied on experience with self-identified refined foods addicts, as well as crit ical reading of the literature on obesity, eating behavior, and drug addiction. Reports by self-identified food addicts illustrate behaviors that conform to the 7 DSM-IV criteria for substance use disorders. The literature also supports use of the DSM-IV criteria to describe overeating as a substance use disorder. The observational and empirical data strengthen the hypothesis that certain refined food consumption behaviors meet the criteria for substance use disorders, not unlike tobacco and alcohol. This hypothesis could lead to a new diagnostic category, as well as therapeutic approaches to changing overeating behaviors. In drug addiction, the transition from casual drug use to dependence has been linked to a shift away from positive reinforcement and toward negative reinforcement. That is, drugs ultimately are relied on to prevent or relieve negative states that otherwise result from abstinence (e.g., withdrawal) or from adverse environmental circumstances (e.g., stress). Recent work has suggested that this dark side shift also is a key in the development of food addiction. Initially, palatable food consumption has both positively reinforcing, pleasurable effects and negatively reinforcing, comforting effects that can acutely normalize organism responses to stress. Repeated, intermittent intake of palatable food may instead amplify brain stress circuitry and downregulate brain reward pathways such that continued intake becomes obligatory to prevent negative emotional states via negative reinforcement. Stress, anxiety and depressed mood have shown high comorbidity with and the potential to trigger bo uts of addiction-like eating behavior in humans. Animal models indicate that repeated, intermittent access to palatable foods can lead to emotional and somatic signs of withdrawal when the food is no longer available, tolerance and dampening of brain reward circuitry, compulsive seeking of palatable food despite potentially aversive consequences, and relapse to palatable food-seeking in response to anxiogenic-like stimuli. The neurocircuitry identified to date in the dark side of food addiction qualitatively resembles that associated with drug and alcohol dependence. The present review summarizes Bart Hoebels groundbreaking conceptual and empirical contributions to understanding the role of the dark side in food addiction along with related work of those that have followed him.  ( Parylak SL1, Koob GF, Zorrilla EP. 2011) So what stands to question, after all this secondary data analysis, is this just another way of demonizing fat? Is food addiction a fact or is it fiction; an excuse built on â€Å"monuments of nothingness?† Must one really hope for another scientific revelation, to overcome bad eating habits? Though many factors go into the food we intake, how much, how often, and how we will or will not obtain enjoyment from it, there are also non-chemical factors. Such as, keep an open and level head about yourself when searching for a food high, it can mean more than your current weight or health, it can mean your life.

The Practicality of the Social Contract Essay -- Sociology, Society, G

I.) Introduction Society’s structure has been debated and contested as far back as ancient Greece. Since then, man has developed social systems that greatly differ from anything the ancients had in mind. One such system is the social contract theory, which first came to prominence around the time of the enlightenment. Simplified, social contractarians argued that in order to achieve a balanced and stable society, all of its members must sacrifice certain liberties to a government or similar authority. As Rousseau explains, the contract begins when â€Å"Each of us places his person and all his power in common under the supreme direction of the general will† (148). Essentially, it is an agreement between the rulers and the ruled that produces a stable political state. John Locke’s The Second Treatise of Government and Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s The Social Contract are both enlightenment works that detail contractarianism, yet each has a unique and different way of considering the social contract. Although John Stuart Mill is also known for his work with Utilitarianism, his essay On Liberty considers consent and other issues relating to contract theory. These authors provide different insights into the social contract, and frequently one will reject another’s idea and offer a new solution. Even after this meshing of ideas and solutions, contract theory falls short of practicality. The idea is appealing, appearing on the surface as a fair and just way of governance. However, true liberty cannot arise from a contract, as man cannot be â€Å"forced to be free† (150). There are two fundamental flaws with contractarianism: it is not practical and it ignores human nature, and even if were possible to establish a true contract-based society, the citi... ...tract theory does raise additional questions. Rousseau envisioned a society in which every voice was heard. A solution to this impracticality is the idea of representation—something which Locke advocated for in The Second Treatise. The idea makes sense; have one person represent a group of people to improve functionality. However, how can a man fully represent an entire group’s interest? Surely there must be some differences between the representative and those he represents. If that is the case, can one call that justice? The man already relinquished certain rights by accepting the contract. With representation, he also gives up his right to full participation in the system. Despite this problem and the other issues with contractarianism, this theory served as a foundation for the American political system and continues to inspire political ideologies worldwide.

Greek Statues And the Olympics :: essays research papers

The time has come again for Olympics games to begin. Organizers of the Olympics must choose the finest statues from a certain time period; they chose to decorate with the Classical period. They believed that the Classical period would best decorate the course of the marathon because they believe that the Classical statues characterize both modern and ancient values the best. The three Classical statutes that would best signify both ancient and modern values would be: The Charioteer from Delphi, The Discus Thrower, and Zeus/Poseidon. These three Classical statutes would best depict both modern and western values because of their characteristics of determination, freedom of expression/language, as well as their perfection of form.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first statue to decorate the course of the marathon would be The Charioteer from Delphi. The Charioteer of Delphi is one of the most important sculptures to represent the course because he exemplifies the idealized realism through the expression on his face; his facial expression basically summarizes the moment of victory in a race. However he doesn’t show an expression/emotion because of his determination to be victorious. The athletic Charioteer’s form lets him stand and stare with a natural ease that allows him to concentrate, and allow him to be triumphant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next statue to line the course of the marathon would be the Discus Thrower. This statue seems to be perfect depiction of a beautiful athletic body. This sculpture catches the athlete in motion; in the peak of his back swing. Although he has no facial expression, you can tell by the way of his form of movement and weight shift, that he is trying hard to put his body in a powerful rotation to give the discus immense speed. He is depiction of a beautiful athletic body because of his muscles and his perfect form; which is what people in today’s society strive for and think is the ideal body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lastly, the next statue to line the marathon course would be the statue of Zeus (or Poseidon). This statue provides the look of power because it is an open statue, ready to throw a lightning bolt, or a trident. Again, the facial expression is blank, and the weight shift is extreme to show that the body is in motion.

Reparations to Descendants of Slaves Should Have Ceased Long Ago Essay

Reparations to Descendants of Slaves Should Have Ceased Long Ago In this day and time the world is heavily concerned with political and social corrective ness, thus everyone is catered too and no money changes hands. The idea and arguments of paying reparations to the descendants of slaves has been in the American media and courthouses since the English barrister James Grahame published a groundbreaking book in 1850 setting the first claim for reparations in the United States. It is no surprise that these allegations arose so soon after the abolishing of slavery at the culmination of the Civil War. Free blacks and enslaved blacks are accredited with building a nation on their backs, that is not so; America was built on the backs of the heroic men who served in the American Revolution and the victorious soldiers who reconciled a broken country after the Civil War. Reparations cannot be paid to those whom it is not owed. America has been heavily criticized for quietly supporting slavery in the North and celebrating the institution of slavery in the South. It seems quite puzzling as to why reparations are so sought after by African Americans in the country, when none of them are direct descendants of those who were enslaved. African Americans have been so bold to even bring forth allegations against nations in Europe for starting and profiting from the slave trade as well as the colonization of Africa, it we as a civilized people did our homework we would find that it was capitalistic tribes of Africa who staged the capturing of the slaves thus setting the wheels of slavery in motion. This is the main reason why America can not and will not be charged with the heinous act of paying billions of tax dollars to non-existent sl... ...just settlement of emotional, physical, mental, or financial debt. As John Carroll fervently proclaims â€Å"I didn’t do it! My ancestors didn’t do it! The people who did it are dead now.† Slavery is a worldwide epidemic, it has been passed down through time, so Judge Halbert I declare that you vehemently clear America, the West, the nations of Eastern Europe, and Christians clear of any wrongdoing in saving the slaves from a life of darkness and sin. WE HAVE PAID OUT DEBT’S IN FULL! Works Cited Page Brooks, Raymond L. â€Å"Paying for Past Sins†: Taking Sides. 16 June 2002.

Educational preparadness Essay

Write a formal paper (750-1,000 words) that addresses the following: 1.Discuss the differences in competencies between nurses prepared at the associate-degree level versus the baccalaureate-degree level in nursing. 2.Identify a patient care situation in which you describe how nursing care or approaches to decision-making may differ based upon the educational preparation of the nurse (BSN versus a diploma or ADN degree). For additional help finding research on this topic, refer to the GCU Library tutorial located at in the Student Success Center. Refer to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) Fact Sheet: Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce (http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/NursingWorkforce.pdf)as a resource. Refer to the assigned readings for concepts that help support your main points. Refer to â€Å"Grand Canyon University College of Nursing Philosophy.† This is an informational resource to assist in completing the assignment. Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment. You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents can be Educational Preparedness Erin Wakefield NRS 430 Professional Dynamics June 8, 2014 1.Discuss the differences in competencies between nurses prepared at the associate-degree level versus the baccalaureate-degree level in nursing. 2.Identify a patient care situation in which you describe how nursing care or approaches to decision-making may differ based upon the educational preparation of the nurse (BSN versus a diploma or ADN degree). All focus on health, environment and person—gcu philosophy of nursing Nursing as a profession is a field that continues to grow and expand with opportunities. As these opportunities are created, expectations related to level of competency and fund of knowledge are increased. As a whole we are all RNs and have taken the NCLEX examination which as ( aach website) states it â€Å"tests for minimum technical competency for safe entry into basic nursing practice.† However, there are different levels of education and competency. As an associate degree RN or baccalaureate degree in nursing are considered â€Å"entry level RN†, and those who pursue further education such as Masters degree or doctorate level are considered â€Å" advanced professional nurses or nursing† (gateway philosophy of nursing†. ) With each education level of nursing comes differences in competencies and knowledge. For example as an associate degree or baccalaureate degree in nursing you are educated on the skills and foundations of â€Å"assessing, critical thinking, communicating, providing care, teaching and leading,† according to GCU Philosophy of nursing. Not only are we taught the skills needed, instructors would also focus on the concepts of autonomy, altruism, human dignity in respect to any individual receiving care regardless of who that person is. These values in conjunction with the skills taught help to create a not only knowledgeable but compassionate and caring nurse. GCU philosophy of nursing focus on both the skills and values needed to create an entry level BSN nurse. At a masters level of nursing or advanced professional nursing on is considered Master’s nursing practice expands upon baccalaureate nursing concepts to include clinical practice knowledge, coaching/mentoring/teaching, consulting/collaborating, advanced leadership, and nursing education with a focus on research and quality assurance, critical thinking, spirituality, diversity, caring, and life-long learning. The advanced professional nursing role relies on best practices and evidence-based research with a focus on evaluation of health, outcomes, and processes.

Global Money Transfer (Remittances) Market Report Essay

For more details on the content of report and ordering information please visit: http://www.aarkstore.com/reports/Global-Money-Transfer-Remittances-Market-Report-2012-Edition-70275.html Remittances are an important source of income for households, particularly in developing countries. Remittances are gaining importance in the economic planning of all major developing economies of the world. With globalization and growing socio-political activities, more and more people from underdeveloped or developing economies are working outside the countries of their origin. Remittances are being considered as an important financial resource for development as well as a social change by financial planners in developing economies. The worldwide inflow and outflow of remittances is rising constantly since past several years with the exception of 2009, which was characterized by global economic slowdown. The developing nations which include both low-income and middle income countries account for the majority of the global remittance inflow with majority contribution from India, China, Mexico and Philippines, due to their large emigrant population. The largest source of remittance flow to developing regions is high income countries including the US and Western Europe, with the GCC countries fast developing as an important source. The companies operating in the global remittance market are faced with strong competition with few large competitors and numerous small and niche competitors. The leading money transfer organization like Western Union, Money Gram, Euronet, and other independent players compete on the basis of technology, price and quality of service offered to remitters. The report analyzes the global remittances market with focus on India, China, Mexico and Philippines. The key trends observed within the market include exchange rate, fluctuating remittance cost, regional employment or unemployment affecting remittances, number of RSPs and cost variation across India and China and dominance of cash prices over the remittance market. The global remittance market faces several challenges which include the taxes which are imposed by the government on remittances and numerous legal and regulatory hurdles. The major factors which will contribute in the growth of the industry include growing international migration, rising employment rate and global economic growth. By combining SPSS Inc.’s data integration and analysis capabilities with our relevant findings, we have predicted the future growth of the industry. We employed various significant variables that have an impact on this industry and created regression models with SPSS Base to determine the future direction of the industry. Before deploying the regression model, the relationship between several independent or predictor variables and the dependent variable was analyzed using standard SPSS output, including charts, tables and tests.

Antony and Cleopatra Essay

If we compare Antony to Cleopatra its seems as though he is more of a tragic character since his suicide provokes more pity from the audience than hers because even in death he is not able to do it right and his suicide is not smooth but instead he clumsily commits suicide. This action however differentiates him from a classical tragic character because through his suicide he actually conquers Caesar by preventing Caesar killing him. Although this means he may not traditionally be regarded as a tragic figure I feel that to a modern audience it produces more emotion and we come to see the action as noble, even if it is not one we would normally consider that way. The play allows us to decide whether Aristotle’s definition is the only correct one or if it is possible that a character which generates strong emotions in members of the audience and leaves an impression even after watching can be deemed a tragic figure even if as well as pity we actually feel the character has succeeded in some ways. Antony’s downfall is not complete because at the end of the play we actually feel pleased that he and Cleopatra are together again, despite that it is in death. Overall I believe Antony’s change in character throughout the play is minimal but his change from the military and Roman man he was to the man we see throughout the play is very significant and although this change could be said to be partially accountable for his fall, I also feel it makes him the likeable and memorable character we empathise with. We feel no regret for his death which raises the question of whether it really can be deemed a tragedy but I feel it is a tragedy of forms in that Antony and Cleopatra had to die in order to stay together.

Concept Comparison and Analysis

Concept Comparison and Analysis Jessica Watts NUR 513 July 2nd, 2012 Coleen Lucas Concept Comparison and Analysis Core concepts are the basis for a theory or model; concepts help in the development of theories. Theorists have developed different models or  theories but have common core concepts. This paper will identify the core concept of ‘the role of nursing,’ which two theorists, Dorothea Orem and Virginia Henderson both utilized. We will compare and  analyze the concept definitions among both theorists, and discuss the practical use of Orem’s self care theory. Core ConceptThe core concept of ‘The role of nursing’ was used in both Dorothea Orem’s self care model and in Virginia Henderson’s nursing care model. Dorothea Orem’s definition of nursing is â€Å"actions deliberately selected and performed by nurses to help individuals or groups under their care to maintain or change conditions in themselves or their environmentsà ¢â‚¬  (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 4). Virginia Henderson’s definition of nursing is â€Å"assisting individuals to gain independence in relation to the performance of activities contributing to health or its recovery† (Timetoast, 2011).Their theories in relation to the concept differ where Orem’s concept requires the patient to have a self deficit and in need of nursing care or support; while Henderson’s concept states that nursing is required regardless if the patient is sick or healthy. The concepts are also similar in the fact that they both support the patient is regaining optimal health. Their concepts are applicable in different nursing settings because the goals of each are the same. Orem’s Self Care Theory—MetaparadigmsWithin Orem’s self care theory, there are five metaparadigms: nursing, health, environment, human being, and nursing client. Orem views nursing as an art, a helping service, and a technology. Orem’s de finition of nursing is â€Å"actions deliberately selected and performed by nurses to help individuals or groups under their care to maintain or change conditions in themselves or their environments† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 3). Orem encompasses the patient’s, the physician’s, and the nurse’s perspective of the patient’s health condition.Her goal of nursing is to make the patient and members of the patient’s family capable of meeting the patient’s self care needs, maintain an optimal state of health, to regain previous state of health after an illness or disease, and to decrease the effects of a chronic illness. Orem uses the terms ‘health’ and ‘healthy’ to describe living things ; â€Å"it is when they are structurally and functionally whole or sound, in conjunction, with physiological and psycho-physiological mechanisms and a material structure in relation to and interacting with other human beingsâ⠂¬  (Current Nursing, 2010, para. ). Orem’s environment is the elements, conditions, and components within the environment. According to Orem a human being â€Å"has the capacity to reflect, symbolize and use symbols; a unity that can function biologically, symbolically, and socially† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 5). A nursing client is a human being who has health related or derived issues that cause them to be incapable of continuous and complete self care; they are the focus, only when their self care needs exceed their self care capabilities. Theory of Self CareOrem’s definition of self care is the â€Å"practice of activities that the individual initiates and performs on their own behalf to maintain life, health, and well being† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 12). The human ability to engage in self care is determined by age, developmental state, life experience, social and cultural orientation, health, and available resources. Orem describes three self care requisites; universal self care requisites, developmental self care requisites, and health deviation of self care; all are directed towards the provision of self care.Universal self care requisites are the maintenance, provision, balance, prevention, and promotion of human functioning. â€Å"Developmental self care requisites are associated with developmental processes derived from a condition or associated with an event† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 14), for example adjusting to a new job or adjusting to bodily changes, such as menopause. Health deviation self care is required in conditions of illness, disease, or injury. Health deviation is seeking, securing, modifying, learning, and effectively carrying out medically prescribed measures. Theory of Self Care DeficitOrem’s theory of self care deficit specifies when nursing is needed. â€Å"Nursing is required when an adult (or in the case of a dependent, the parent) is incapable or limited in the provision of continuous effective self care† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 16). Orem’s created five methods of helping; which are acting for and doing for others, guiding others, supporting one another, providing an environment that promotes personal development, and teaching one another. Theory of Nursing Systems Orem describes how the patients self care needs will be meet by the nurse, patient, or both in her theory of nursing systems. The design and elements of a nursing system defines the scope of nursing responsibility in health care situations, defines general and specific roles of nurses and patients, and defines reasons for nurses’ relationship with patients† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 17). Orem recognized that members of the health profession usually develop specialized technologies. â€Å"A technology is systematized information about a process or a method for affecting some desired result through deliberate practical endeavors, with or without use of materials or instruments† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 17).Concept of Orem’s Theory Orem interrelates concepts in such a way, that it creates a different perspective of a particular phenomenon. Orem’s theory is logical, simple, and generalizable; and is a basis to test hypotheses. â€Å"It contributes to and assists in increasing the general body of knowledge within the discipline through the research implemented to validate them† (Current Nursing, 2010, para. 21). According to Orem, her theory in Current Nursing, 2010, can be used by practitioners to guide and improve their practice and it must be consistent with other validated theories, principles, and laws. MajorAssumptions, Strengths, and Limitations According to Current Nursing, 2010; some major assumptions of Orem’s theory are: people should be self-reliant and responsible for their own care and their family; people are distinct individuals; nursing is a form of action and interaction betwee n two or more people; successfully meeting universal and developmental self care requisites is an important component of primary care prevention; knowledge of potential health problems is necessary for promoting self care behaviors; and self care and dependent care are behaviors learned within a socio- cultural context.Some strengths to Orem’s theory, according to Current Nursing, 2010; are: it provides a comprehensive base to nursing practice; it has utility for professional nursing in the areas of nursing practice, education, administration, and research; specifies when nursing is needed; and Orem’s self care approach is contemporary with the concepts of health promotion and health maintenance today. As with any theory there are always limitations to its use; Orem’s theory’s major limitation is that her theory is illness oriented and only calls for nursing care when there is an illness present. Global health care needs, as identified by clinicians or pa tients/consumers, are addressed through the generation of research evidence that is effective, but also feasible, appropriate and meaningful to specific populations, cultures and settings† (The Joanna Briggs Institute, 2011). Concepts are the bases for a theory or model and aide the development of theories. The common concept discussed in this paper was the role of nursing, which is common and essential to Orem and Henderson’s theory.Orem believed that a patient needed to have a self deficit for nursing care while Henderson believed in nursing care whether the patient was healthy or ill. While each theorist had different definitions of the role of nursing, both had the same concept of nursing care. â€Å"Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings.Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Advocac y, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles† (Definition of Nursing, 2010). Orem’s self care model demonstrated the role of nursing in caring for an individual with a self care deficit and/or illness. Nursing interventions help individuals regain optimal health and well-being.References Current Nursing. (2010). Dorothea Orem’s Theory. Retrieved from http://currentnursing. com/nursing_theory/self_care_deficit_theory. html Definition of Nursing. (2010). Retrieved from http://www. icn. ch/about-icn/icn-definition-of-nursing/ Timetoast. (2011). Breif history of Nursing. Retrieved from http://www. timetoast. com/timelines/22792 The Joanna Briggs Institute . (2011). Retrieved from http://www. joannabriggs. edu. au/JBI%20Approach

Bike Thieves at Arizona State University Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bike Thieves at Arizona State University - Essay Example In addition, the student is faced with a financial burden to replace the bicycle or find an alternative means of transport, and until they do they are faced with significant inconvenience in commuting from one place to another. Students are the group most highly affected by this theft, as many are low in income, and as a consequence find replacing their bicycle difficult, and may not be able to afford alternative means of transportation. Hendricks, L. (2010, September 29). Bike thieves in high gear, Az Daily Sun. This article was published in the Arizona Daily Sun, a newspaper which serves Northern Arizona and the Flagstaff district. The writer of the article was the assistant editor. As a consequence of the source of the information, it can be considered to be reliable and well researched because there are standards required of any reporter publishing in a newspaper. The author reports on the role that is played by the police in recovering bicycles stolen from Northern Arizona Unive rsity and an approach to reduce the number of bicycle thefts that are occurring. Thefts are common at the University, so much so that the police department has a separate category to track these as for other thefts. Officer Jerry Rintala comments that most thefts happen as a consequence of owners not locking up their bicycle as they only plan to be gone for a short period of time, or using poor quality locks, which are easy to remove with the use of bolt cutters. In an attempt to reduce this, the police and University security have initiated a campaign across campus to inform students about the benefits of using quality locks and keeping their bicycles locked when they are not in use. As it is a crime of opportunity, this has the potential to greatly reduce the number of bicycle thefts that are occurring. In addition, a bicycle registration service has been brought back to campus which is free to all student, faculty, and staff at the University. This involves registering the physic al description and the serial number of the bicycle, as well as a photo if desired, with the police, allowing them to identify the bicycle if it is found. The combination of these two techniques should result in the significant decrease in the number of bicycles that are stolen and an increase in both the likelihood and the speed in the bicycle being returned to its owner. Crime Prevention Unit. (2011). Don't let your bike get ripped off. Theft Prevention Retrieved October 13, 2011, from http://www.tempe.gov/cpu/bike%20theft.htm This article was published online on the website for the City of Tempe, Arizona, under the section of the Crime Prevention Unit, theft prevention. There is no author given for the short article, however, the fact that it hosted on the government website indicates that the tips which the articles give are in line with the standards recommended by the city authorities. Furthermore, the fact that the article is hosted on the Tempe City governmental site indicat es that the statistics that are given are likely to be correct. The City of Tempe has had severe problems with bicycle theft, with more than 650 reported stolen in 2010 alone. Like the Arizona State University, many of the thefts were a consequence of the bicycles not being locked. The city offers registration of bicycles through bicycle stores rather than through the police, with the aim of identifying the ownership of bicycles if they are recovered.  

Story of my leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Story of my leadership - Assignment Example He should be able to portray optimism even in the face of adversity. This type of leadership advocates for what would be referred to us intellectual stimulation. Offering a room for creativity free from a lot of red tapes predisposes leader’s followers to a greater level of confidence. The followers are able to effectively connect with their leader without fear of any punitive measures against them. In this leadership model, a leader should be able to enhance positive change among his followers. It focuses on the personality of the leader instead of the actions of the same leader. To effect change and impart it among individuals requires a lot of assertiveness which is a must trait that a leader should posses if not learn. Change may be costly to an organization if not handled in the right manner. It includes all aspects of change be it a positive change or negative change. Change involves transition and is complex in nature. Without extreme care, several factors are likely to go wrong and this is one major challenge to transformational leadership model. For change to be effective and minimize negative challenges that are most likely to occur, three dimensional aspects need to be adequately addressed. These include, inspiring and motivating those affected by change. This includes emotional motivation. Emerging factors in the post change phase and their impacts must adequately be addressed. Management of people’s actions that assist them in undertaking whatever is expected of

The human relations management of Cirque Du Soleil club Case Study

The human relations management of Cirque Du Soleil club - Case Study Example This essay discusses that human resource management refers to a sequence of organized administrative activities aimed at addressing all concerns of an organization’s employees. Human resource management has a central role in the attaining strategic objectives set by an organization. According to Armstrong an organization’s objectives are achievable through the application of strategic perspective to the management of its employees. Armstrong defines the strategic approach to employees management as a process involving integrated human resource policies and practical practices. Strategic perspective to management of human resource involves measured development and implementation of viable practices, procedures and systems to attain set objectives. Business environments are undergoing transformations from trends such as globalization, prompting the application of strategic perspectives to human resource management. Strategic application of appropriate human resource manag ement theories is fundamental in achieving an organization’s goals as advocated by Sims. Theoretical foundations to managing an organization’s employees form the basis of practice. Martocchio, Joshi and Liao emphasize the effectiveness of implementing the employee relations perspective in strategic human resource management. The classical theory explained by Rao and Krishna is similarly imperative in ensuring strategic management of an organization’s employees. The systems theory applied in human resource management is important in realizing the organization’s goals.

Admission essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Admission - Essay Example My desires and success in special education did not just stop with my university education. Immediately after graduation, I accepted an opportunity for tutorial classes at Taibah University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Curriculum and Instruction as a tutorial fellow for one year. Since 1996, I have accumulated a remarkable wealth of knowledge in working with students with disabilities thus impacting positively on already learnt skills while at the same time giving me an opportunity to learn new ways of understanding the complexities that surround educational attainment of learners with special needs. The desire to improve the welfare of learners with special needs has also earned me both personal and professional development enabling me to articulate the theoretical aspects of special education into the reality and an extension enabling me to redesign neoclassical educational achievement of special education that seemed non existent within the classical arena. Over time, my remarkable performance has been accompanied by outstanding progress and improvement wich attracted distinguished promotions leading up being the Director of Hope Institute in Jeddah and CV. Within the period of direct contact with an array of ideas, perspectives and philophies of work, I have built a wealth of knowledge in special education leading up to accepting to join the first group of scholars to pursue the first stage Masters Degree at King Saud University with a full eye focus on Special Education, achieving excellent results. Based on this unique and rich experience, I ask myself, why not advance to a Doctorate level which will not only give me an opportunity to polish my hard earned skills but also empower me to contribute to the evolving world of Special Education scholarship through publications, seminars and taking up a lead in the dissemination of knowledge at the University to impel a generation conscious of the needs of

Gaunilo's argument from Anselm's point of view Essay

Gaunilo's argument from Anselm's point of view - Essay Example Gaunilo, a fellow monk and believer sought to oppose Anselm’s argument, saying it would force people to conclude existence of other non- existent things. His critic is usually described by philosophers as an overload idea, because he does not show how Anselm’s ideas are wrong but rather how it unsound in all applications, if it is unsound in one. Gaunilo argues that â€Å"god† in the argument placed by Anselm can be replaced by anything, in his case, â€Å"the perfect island. â€Å"Suppose we replace God with an island, this is how it would flow. Imagine a perfect island of which none like it is conceivable, now this idea exists in your mind. The existence of a perfect island in both the mind and in reality is greater than if it only exists in the mind. If the concept of a perfect island exists in the mind then we can imagine an island better than the â€Å"perfect island†. But we cannot imagine an island greater than this; we can conclude that this perf ect island exists. In defense of his theory, Anselm would argue that the idea of what entails a perfect island varies from one person to another, for example, to me, a perfect island would be one with sandy beaches and human occupation, while to another that would be one that is deserted and with abundance of let’s say fruits. ... In the second way he argues that no object can create itself, therefore there must be a first cause (God), who began the chain of existence of all things. Aquinas reconciled faith and reason, by borrowing heavily from Aristotle. The second cause is explained using the following steps; 1) The natural world has things that are caused by other things. There is therefore an order of efficient causes in the sensible world. Every sensible event that takes place has a distinct cause. 2) In the natural world, nothing can be the cause of itself. There is hardly a case in which an event in the natural world was caused by itself. Events occur that were caused by events rate than themselves. 3) In the natural world there cannot be an endless string of objects causing other objects to exist. We can therefore say that causes are preceded by effects. 4) There exists a supernatural being that causes the first chain of events; therefore the cause of such events is called God. The supernatural force h as to be a person with immense power and with divine attributes such as being omnipresent. These inferences are drawn from nature and causation. This argument has some flaws for example the identity of the cause does not have to be God. It is flawed to assume that the cause of the events that take place in nature has to originate from one location for all of them. There is a possibility that there may be multiple causes, not related to each other. Moreover, the cause does not have to be supernatural, but could be other causes such as the universe. In conclusion, this theory begs the question as to why infinite causal chains are impossible, for example it can be assumed that there exists no beginning, middle or end time, therefore the

Presence and absence artist statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Presence and absence artist statement - Essay Example However this duality in the nature does not imply an absence of harmony. Embedding the impressions of presence and absence, my creations stand at the culmination of the Environment, the Viewer and the Artwork. â€Å"It is futile for an artist to try to create an environment because you have an environment around you all the time. Any living organism has an environment, the only people who don’t have an environment are dead† said Carl Andre1, the American minimalist artist. Building up on this proposition, my creations embrace three elements of the environment – Atmospheric(s), Nature and the Response. Atomospheric(s) are installations that engender an ambience within the viewer’s perception; Nature is the surrounding environment that supports and informs the artwork; and the Response are ways of knowing how the audience reacts to my work. The second piece, the Viewer is a central participant in my works. Art brings out feelings and emotions in the viewer t hat transcend him/her to his/her own experiences by arousing nostalgia or connections with the past. These nostalgic feelings range from a beautiful landscape to even a television program. Expending these nostalgic moments, I attempt to create a sensational view of everyday life with my installations. The nature of Nostalgia has intrigued many artists and intellectuals in the past. Roberta Rubenstein called Nostalgia as something that â€Å"never actually existed, or never could have existed, in the form in which it is ‘remembered’† while photographer Hollis Frampton connected nostalgia with identity and culture formation2. Finally, the third piece of my creation is the artwork itself, a channel to connect the other two (environment and the viewer). In this exhibition I present a sculptural video installation that includes the nostalgic association to the contemporary notion of an urban place and a corresponding sculpture piece that is made of soil and plant, mir roring the idea of nostalgic discrepancy between the natural setting and a still inescapable urban context in which it is installed. Nostalgic discrepancy suggests presence and absence. The impressions of portraying presence and absence in art can be extensively seen in works of artists such as Sooja Kim, Olafur Eliasson, Popolotti Rist and Jaye Rhee, who have deeply inspired my style. Sooja Kim examines the balance between presence and absence through her performance of harmonized settings between nature and herself. Likewise, I am using nature and its movement as stimulus elements to balance between presence and absence of the nostalgic notion of people’s ideas of nature and urban landscape of places. Swiss artist Popolotti Rist liberally uses atmospheric installations in his artwork to arouse viewer’s emotions. At his exhibition at Moma, he cultivated a lounge-like atmosphere covering the floor with chocolate color carpet, a donut shaped sofa in the center of the ro om and accompanying music. Pour Your Body was a relaxingly inviting video installation. However, unlike Popolotti Rist’s work, I invite the viewer to respond to their feelings in a much more guided way. My projection strengthens the sense of enforcement and the individual loss that we encounter from nature’s needs. Perhaps my intention is closer to Olafur Eliasson’s creations in Multiple shadow house. His work explores boundaries between inside and outside, experimenting by positioning the viewer in his

American Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

American Literature - Essay Example Decisions were only done by men and they never recognized presence of women at all angles. The main character in this story is Sarah Penn, who is the wife of Adoniram Penn. According to the story, she has revolted against the intention of her husband to turn the outbuilding that was new into their family’s house. As the story proceeds, we realize that Adoniram, as the father of the home, is very hard working especially in farming. He is more obsessed and concerned with his cows that he forgets the promise he made to Sarah forty years ago about building a new family house. He is much involved in building barns and sheds for his animals, and forgets his family (Freeman 46). Sarah Penn is a woman who stayed in New England just around or before the time of the author. There are various incidences of many religious actions and symbols that have occurred due to Sarah or rather ‘Mother’ within this story. Through this story of Sarah, she moves from her husband’s servitude to the feel that she is serving the Lord and eventually this leads her to seizing power and control over her husband at the end of this story. From the beginning of the narrative, the religious overtones start ruling with the title â€Å"The Revolt of Mother†. The name ‘Mother’ in religious terms relates to a spiritual lady or woman and with this, we can start to predict the outcome. When their daughter Nanny is about to get married and Adoniram is not at home, Sarah does the unexpected: she moves into the new house, becomes obsessed and insane, and in her mind she knows that she is doing a very right thing. Her husband returns from another town where he had gone to buy a horse, and finds the situation that way. He swallows this bitterly and accepts the situation the way it is. This situation actually happens due to the stubbornness of Adoniram and his refusal to discuss anything with his wife. He refuses stalwartly to explain to his wife about

Punitive Damages To Products Liability Essay Example for Free

Punitive Damages To Products Liability Essay EXECUTIVE SUMMARY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Product liability is a growing interest in almost all parts of the world. The doors of justice are opened to innocent and helpless consumers who can ask manufacturers of products to compensate them for damages incurred after using their products. The burden of liability is placed upon manufacturers and producers who could not use any defense to exculpate themselves from strict liability law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are two principles that form the foundations on product liability, namely, strict liability, and negligence. Thus, manufacturers are bound to make a wise estimate of how much damage it may be liable in the future should any case be filed against it on product liability. In effect, any manufacturer should ensure that the â€Å"good† of the product outweighs the â€Å"harm† that it may cause to any consumer if such product is put in the market. This is the social responsibility of manufacturers and a safeguard to consumers. Never mind if the cost is passed on to the consumers as may be incorporated in the cost of the product for as long as there is an assurance that in any future eventuality, the manufacturer would be able to answer to the liability and pay the cost of damage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Punitive damages that may be awarded on top of the actual damages incurred would be up to the courts of justice to determine. The reason behind the grant is to deter similar cases in the future. Putting a cap on punitive damages is depriving a plaintiff his day in court while it also limits the authority that our laws have vested in the courts of justice. Any law to that effect is simply negating an individual’s right to be fully recompensed for any damage that may be incurred due on product liability cases. Thus, as in other cases on torts and delicts, it is best left to the courts of justice to establish the punitive damage that may be imposed against manufacturers whose product caused damage to any of its consumers. Should Punitive Damages In Products Liability Cases Be Capped   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The history of product liability law dates back to the 1800’s when one Englishman, Mr. Winterbottom filed a case against the manufacturer of a mail coach due to poor construction. Mr. Winterbottom, who was the driver of the mail coach of the Postmaster General, was seriously injured when the mail coach collapsed. The theory advanced at that time was to limit the liability to persons with privity of contracts. Mr. Winterbottom was not privy to the contract of purchase between the Postmaster General and the manufacturer of the mail coach. Thereby, the case was dismissed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the manufacturing industry advanced, quality control of the products being produced by manufacturers has become a subject of interest to many sectors of society. The concern naturally required the governments to enact laws which would ensure protection of consumers. However, while many laws could be enacted to ensure full protection of the consuming markets, compliance to these laws would also remain a question. Thus, it has been inevitable that cases on product liability piled up in the courts of justice in all countries of the world. The difference, though, is that where before the â€Å"little and helpless† consumers would have a difficult time to raise their concerns and seek redress; in these times where awareness on product liability has been brought to the fore, manufacturers with big pockets are made to compensate consumers for damages incurred.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is no question that manufacturers should be made liable to pay for damages that any of their products may have caused on the consuming public. The law on strict liability has become the basis on findings of the court as it decides on how much liability any manufacturer is to shoulder and pay to the consumer in a particular case. Strict liability law stresses the liability on the product in contrast to the principle of negligence which places the responsibility on some acts of the manufacturer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case of Greenman v Yuba Power Products, Inc. the California Supreme Court assigned strict liability to a manufacturer, â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   who placed on the market a defective product even though both privity of contract and notice of breach of warranty were lacking. The court rejected both contract and warranty theories, express or implied, as the basis for liability. Strict liability does not rest on a consensual foundation but, rather, on one created by law. The liability was created judicially because of the economic and social need for the protection of consumers in an increasingly complex and mechanized society, and because of the limitations in the negligence and warranty remedies. The courts avowed purpose was to insure that the costs of injuries resulting from defective products are borne by the manufacturer that put such products on the market rather than by the injured persons who are powerless to protect themselves.† (Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc. [1963] 59 Cal.2d 57 [13 A.L.R.3d 1049].   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Negligence, on the other hand, places upon the plaintiff to prove that the manufacturer acted or failed to act on something which resulted to the damage caused by the product. While the manufacturer, in such case, would still be held liable to compensate for damage incurred by the consumer, the amount and degree of liability would be abated based on the extent of defense that the manufacturer could successfully bring forth to the court in the instant case. Thus, following this line of reasoning, there is a risk that the plaintiff may not be fully recompensed for the damage incurred. In fact, there is a chance that the cause of the plaintiff may be denied. The most objectionable aspects of asbestos litigation can be briefly summarized: dockets in both federal and state courts continue to grow; long delays are routine; trials are too long; the same issues are litigated over and over; transaction costs exceed the victims recovery by nearly two to one; exhaustion of assets threatens and distorts the process; and future claimants may lose altogether. Report of The Judicial Conference Ad Hoc Committee on Asbestos Litigation 2-3 (Mar. 1991).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In recent cases, products liability claims are based not on negligence, but rather on strict liability. In the hands of good and responsible people, this development is for the benefit of the greater number of society – the consumers and the market. The burden of proving liability is no longer solely borne by the plaintiff. Proof of liability is much easier to raise and bring to the appreciation of the courts. Thus, more and more plaintiffs have been fully compensated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Punitive damages which are awarded on top of actual damages create a different bearing in the case. Its main purpose is to deter others similarly situated to create unconscionable and similar acts in the future. The objective is to impress upon the mind of the defendant and to the whole world that such and similar acts would not be tolerated by society in general. Thus, in most cases, punitive damages are almost always very high.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As in tort cases, the laws of the land have placed upon our courts of justice the authority to determine the amount of punitive damages that may be rightfully granted in a particular case. Putting a cap to punitive damages would be limiting the authority of our courts of justice to act for and in behalf of the greater number for the greater good. Unconscionable punitive damages that are awarded and which are unacceptable to some parties could be raised to proper legal authorities through proper legal course of action.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Putting a cap to punitive damages that may be granted on product liability cases is limiting the right of a plaintiff to seek redress of grievances and damages incurred when and where proper. Both plaintiff and defendant have the opportunities to be heard in court and almost always, manufacturers have the best chances to protect their interests with the extent of their capability to litigate and pursue their rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Putting a cap to punitive damages is not the solution to exculpate manufacturers from liabilities. Preventive measures and full quality control of their goods from manufacture to market delivery should be enhanced and made the order of the day. Shifting responsibilities from the manufacturer to the consumer is something that is not fair and something that would work to the disadvantage of the consuming public in the long run.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Putting a cap on punitive damages to product liability could be interpreted as putting a limit to how much a consumer could be compensated for incurring damage. This is somehow dangerous and risky as no manufacturer could foresee the extent of damage that their products may cause upon an individual. Putting a cap to punitive damages simply works as insurance to consumers that whatever may happen, they are entitled to a certain extent of compensation depending on how they can prove the liability. Again the burden of proof is shifted to the consumer and away from the manufacturer. â€Å"The distinction between products liability and negligence was explained in Jiminez v. Sears, Roebuck Co. (1971) 4 Cal.3d 379, 383 [52 A.L.R.3d 92]: It is pointed out that in a products liability case the plaintiff in order to recover in strict liability in tort must prove that he was injured by a defect in the product and that the product was defective when it left the hands of the retailer or manufacturer; whereas to recover in negligence the plaintiff must prove the same two elements plus an additional element, namely, that the defect in the product was due to negligence of the defendant. This is a discreet departure from the strict liability law. In the case of Green v. General Petroleum Corp., where an oil well blew out through no fault of the defendant, the court relying on Section 3514 of the Civil Code held that:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The defendant was nevertheless liable. The case has been generally interpreted as one involving strict liability for damages resulting from an ultrahazardous activity. It is not significant that a property damage, as distinguished from a personal injury, was there involved. The important factor is that certain activities under certain conditions may be so hazardous to the public generally, and of such relative infrequent occurrence, that it may well call for strict liability as the best public policy. Green v. General Petroleum Corp. (1928) 205 Cal. 328 [60 A.L.R. 475].   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cases on product liability are pretty much similar to tort cases. Tort is a civil wrong which results to an injury or harm giving a person a cause of action to seek redress of the wrong mostly through relief of damages incurred. Sanctions for criminal acts may also be imposed but the injured person would almost always seek for monetary recompense for damages incurred such as loss of earning capacity, pain and suffering, and reasonable medical expenses. Therefore, like any other tort cases under the civil law where no cap to punitive damages is imposed or established, it is unfair and unconstitutional to place a cap on punitive damages on product liability cases. It is unconstitutional as it impinges on the right of a person to be compensated for damages incurred as granted to him under the civil law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In an important but split decision, State Farm v. Campbell, the U.S. Supreme Court in April held that the Due Process Clause [of the 14th amendment] prohibits the imposition of grossly excessive or arbitrary punishments on defendants in tort cases. This was the second High Court ruling in the past few years that rightly objected to steep punitive damage awards.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are measures which ensure that the courts do not grant unconscionable amounts of damages – actual and punitive. Putting a cap to punitive damages is not the answer for manufacturers to get an assurance and security that they would not be liable to pay for damages that would bring their business down. Well, first and foremost, manufacturers’ concern should be on the safety of its products.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Secondly, being responsible corporate citizens would spell the difference when any manufacturer is faced with the case on product liability. Actual, sincere, and timely concern to a case brought by any plaintiff would ensure that punitive damages that may be awarded would be commensurate to the strategy and action plan that the manufacturer has undertaken to ensure that the plantiff’s concern was addressed responsively and proactive measures are being strategized to prevent any other future occurrence. The burden of proof still rests upon the manufacturer and never on the consumer.   References White, Robert Jeffrey. Top 10 in torts: evolution in the common law. Trial 32, no. 7 (July 1996): 50-53. McMahonBinchy, Law of Torts, Butterworths 3rd Ed., par. 11.113-114 Jimenez v. Superior Court (T.M. Cobb Co.), 29 Cal. 4th 473 2002) Supreme Court of Ireland Judgment, 3 November 1988. Fischer, David A; Green, Michael; Powers, Jr. William; Sanders, Joseph. Fischer, Green, Powers and Sander’s Cases and Materials on Products Liability. 4th, American Casebook series. Copyright 2006. Owen, David G; Phillips, Jerry J. Owen and Phillips Products Liability in a Nutshell. 7th Edition (Nutshell Series) Green v. General Petroleum Corp. (1928) 205 Cal. 328 [60 A.L.R. 475] Owens, Phillips. Products Liability. 7th ed., 2005. 13-ISBN:  9780314155108 Format: Paperback-New SKU: Sumner, L. â€Å"Quality Assurance and Product Liability.† Product Liability in Engineering, IEE Colloquium on Volume, Issue 6 Mar 1989. Pages 2/1 to 2/7. Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc. (1963) 59 Cal.2d 57 [13 A.L.R.3d 1049]. Green v. General Petroleum Corp. (1928) 205 Cal. 328 [60 A.L.R. 475]. Jiminez v. Sears, Roebuck Co. (1971) 4 Cal.3d 379, 383 [52 A.L.R.3d 92]:

Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning Essay Example for Free

Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning Essay Carry out research into your own role and responsibilities as a teacher. Using your research, produce a written report of your findings which should include: a) A summary of key aspects of legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice relevant to the roles and responsibilities of the teacher. b) An analysis of the boundaries between the teaching role and other professional roles c) A review of points of referral to meet the needs of learners d) An explanation of how to promote appropriate behaviour and respect for others. Intro Teaching is a challenging and rewarding profession. There are many roles and responsibilities that teachers are required to fulfil, some of these are professional responsibilities pastoral There is lots of legislation that influences teachers, particularly in the area of outdoor pursuits. Much of this legislation is designed to keep students safe and followed in the wake of the Lyme bay canoe disaster in 1993.Following this tragedy the Activity centres (young person’s safety) act was passed in 1995. The Health safety commission (HSC) was charged with the terms of the act and the responsibility for drawing up new regulations. This resulted in the formation of the Adventure activities licensing authority (AALA) in 1996. This independent public body is responsible for inspecting outdoor activity providers (for under-18s) and granting them a licence if they are deemed to be operating safely in accordance with the guidelines of AALA and other national governing bodies (ref 1.1). These governing bodies are responsible for the regulation of each outdoor sport or activity in the UK and each governing body will have their own codes of practice. For example, Mountain training UK (2008: 11) states that they expect their members to; â€Å"Ensure that they operate within their competence and in a manner appropriate to the participants experience and ability† Teachers need to be conscious of maintaining professional relationships with students at all times. This is not always straightforward, particularly in  the often more relaxed atmosphere of further education where some â€Å"banter† with students will often be used to help build rapport. Teachers need to be careful not to overstep this boundary; students are rarely impressed and sometimes even embarrassed by tutors who try to identify with them too closely. Curzon (2003: 249) These boundaries also extend outside of college. Teachers need to be conscious of how they act and must protect their privacy on social media sites such as Facebook. Trying to meet the needs of all learners is a key foundation of teaching. Thorough planning is essential here as different learning needs and issues may be identified prior to teaching and plans made to support the learner. Sometimes issues may arise during a teaching program and these will need to be dealt with. If the teacher does not have the skills or experience to deal with the issue it is vital that they refer it to a professional in that field. Gravells (2012: 52) supports this stating that â€Å"you should always refer your students to a specialist or agency if you cannot deal with their needs†. (ref 2.2) Dealing with student behaviour is an important, complex and potentially time consuming part of teaching. Ideally a teacher should be a role model for students to aspire to and should be able to promote and reward appropriate behaviour. It is when student behaviour starts to become disruptive and prevents others from learning that problems occur. Curzon (2003: 245) believes that â€Å"lack of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation may be discerned as the root of the problem. This suggests to us that teachers should aim to inspire students and actively involve them as much as possible in the classroom. As well as providing inspiration a teacher will also need to provide discipline. There will need to be some ground rules that are laid down at the start of a teaching program to keep students on track. Ideally these ground rules should be decided on via a democratic process with the students although there will be some that the teacher will need to enforce the inclusion of e.g. no bullying other students. Any breach of the ground rules set at the start of the teaching program should be met initially with a friendly reminder of those rules. Students who continue to disrupt the learning of others by breaking the rules will need to be dealt with  immediately. It may also be of use for teachers to keep a record of behaviour for students. This could highlight patterns of behaviour that may be possible to avoid in future, for example by changing the seating plan. Any continued patterns of behaviour could also highlight the need for additional support as disruption could be a way of asking for help Gravells (2012: 101) Conclusion The research in this report shows that teachers need to have a wide range of skills and knowledge. They need to have an understanding of government legislation and how it affects them Word count words References Curzon, L.B. (2003) Teaching in further education, London, Continuum books Gravells, A. (2012) Preparing to teach in the lifelong learning sector: The new award, London, Sage publications Mountain leader training (2008) National guidelines for walking and climbing leaders, Wales, Mountain leader training

Ethical Issues for Community Treatment Orders

Ethical Issues for Community Treatment Orders Ekta Patel Community Treatment Orders refer to a legal order in which patients must accept medical care such as therapy, rehabilitations, management or coping classes, counselling or other health services while living in the public. The Community Treatment Order (CTO) accounts to serve patients with psychiatric treatment plans that are essentially established by the patients psychiatric health provider. The CTO requires patients to comply with all conditions and terms of the order, hence, if not followed, they would be directed to a psychiatric health facility where essential care and treatment would be initiated. CTO can be prepared for any time period for up to twelve months. This means that patients may have to comply with CTOs for more than just one sequential time. Section 7 on the Canadian Charter Rights of Freedom, under the Mental Health Legislation, it states that life, liberty and security of all citizens are fundamental principles of justice. Notwithstanding, ethical concerns arise because these rights of people are jeopardized with the forceful commitment and acceptance that psychiatric patients have to conform to when CTOs come to play. There have been ethical controversies associated with the implementation of CTOs along with other forms of outpatient treatment regulations. The debate on the suitable mandatory care in the community reflects the unstable political, philosophical, and medical concerns. With the involuntary Community Treatment Orders options, it is said to force treatment amongst individuals seeking care, hence taking away their rights of having a choice. In short, CTOs place patient autonomy at risk. The debate argues that this forceful treatment takes away the right of individuals to refuse treatment for a psychiatric illness. This argument of limiting freedom amongst individuals with disturbances is not recent; it has been a targeted issue since the 1960s through the 1970s. During the 1960s and 1970s the debate largely focused on the quarrel of involuntary inpatient treatment and care. However, at present, the debate focuses on community based treatment, arguing that CTOs serve to stop involuntary medical attention. With the implementation of CTOs, are several associated arguments. Firstly, CTO being involuntary, it breaks the norm of never forcing treatment amongst individuals. CTO aggravates forceful actions into the community. The implementation of CTO intensifies the struggle of defending patient rights within the community, thus neglecting other possible services that could be far more optimal in treating patients. Thirdly, we all know that the overflow of inpatients and wait-times in health care facilities have become a prime concern, and with the execution of CTOs, hospitals will be far more packed with non-adherent patients. Consequently, this reinforces long wait-times in Emergency Departments and causes in-patient beds to be occupied more frequently, therefore delaying and interrupting the quality of health services and care for other patients. From the perspective of psychic, Uri Geller, come people are deprived of their liberties in the attempt to give them psychiatric care. Occasionally, others are deprived of psychiatric care in the attempt to guard their liberties. Supporters of CTOs argue that when people with psychological disturbances are given liberty, they could potentially become marginalized from getting crucial treatment required to benefit their health. Though this idea to some extent is accurate, there is a much riskier adverse effect associated with it. This is because, when patients are involuntarily treated for the specified amount of time chosen by psychiatrics, patients are required to take regular doses of antipsychotic medications. As a result of this, it can lead to severe long-term or short-term harmful side effects. Community Treatment Orders have illustrated to reduce the number of victimized patients of abuse. CTO is a form of epistemic violence, because it involves ignoring individuals perspective, while declaring they are too sick to have a say. The implementation of CTOs is significantly increasing, but it is argued that the result of CTOs does not validate the constraints that are compiled on a patients autonomy. Reason being, although coerce CTOs make the public feel secure and safe, it violates those, who are suffering from psychiatric imbalances. This is because, they are not given the liberty and the right to choose what type of treatment and care they would like to seek and are discriminated against. According to a randomized controlled trial, it was found that the number of patients readmitted did not differ as much between patients. Hence, it can be concluded that compulsory orders do not reduce the rate of hospital re-admission of psychiatric consumers. There is limited evidence that proves that compulsory community treatments, including CTOs have achieved its medical goals, which was to decrease re-hospitalisation and increase attention towards medication and medical services.ÂÂ   Instead, to improve community-based psychiatric services, psychiatrics or other medical specialists could arrange for regular patient testing, for example, frequent urine, and blood. This can help specialists to have adequate patient information, allowing them to precisely determine optimal treatment plans. References Andrew, M., John, D., Julia, S., Jorun, R., Ksenija, Y., Maria, M., Merryn, V., Stefan, P., Tom, B. (2013). Community treatment orders for patients with psychosis (OCTET): a randomised controlled trial, Article, Volume 381, Page 1-7. Retrieved from http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(13)60107-5.pdf Brenda A. L.,ÂÂ   Geoffrey., R., Robert, M.ÂÂ   (Eds.). (2013).ÂÂ   Mad Matters. Toronto, Ontario: Candian Scholars Press Inc. Canadian Civil Liberties Association. (2015). Talking About Community Treatment Orders and Discrimination. Retrieved from https://ccla.org/talking-about-community-treatment-orders-and-discrimination/ Dreezer, S., Bay, M., Hoff, D., Microlog (2007). Dreezer Dreezer Inc., Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care Ebrary CEL York University, Report on the legislated review of community treatment orders, required under section 33.9 of the Mental Health Act. [Toronto, Ont.]: Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. Hutt, L., La Forest, G. V., Lahey, W. (2013) Independent Panel to Review the Involuntary Psychiatric Treatment Act and Community Treatment Orders. Department of Health and Wellness, Canadian Electronic Library (Firm), Ebrary CEL York University. Report of the Independent Panel to Review the Involuntary Psychiatric Treatment Act and Community Treatment Orders. Department of Health and Wellness Office of the Chief Psychiatrist. (2001). Community Treatment Orders A Review (PDF File). Retrieved from http://www.health.wa.gov.au/mhareview/resources/documents/A_Review_of_CTOs_T_Rolfe.pdf R.A. Malatest Associates., Ontario. Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care., Canadian Electronic Library (Firm). (2012). The legislated review of community treatment orders: Final report. Victoria, B.C.: R.A. Malatest Associates Ltd.. Richard O. (2004). Why Are Community Treatment Orders Controversial. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry- In Review, Volume 49 (9), Pages 1-6. https://ww1.cpa-apc.org/Publications/Archives/CJP/2004/september/oreilly.pdf Ronan, M. The Community Treatment Order: Clinical and Ethical Issues. (1998). Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Volume 32, Pages 223-228. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/00048679809062732 Steve, K., Katherine, H. (2014). An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Evidence for the Effectiveness of Community Treatment Orders. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Pages 1-4 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/070674371405901010